晋产黄精的本草考证

文章信息/Info

• Title:晋产黄精的本草考证

• 卷期:2024年22卷17期

• 作者:张孟容，郭敏娜

• 山西药科职业学院中药系，山西 太原 030000

• Author(s):ZHANG Meng-rong，GUO Min-na

• Department of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Pharmaceutical vocational College, Taiyuan Shanxi 030000

• 关键词山西省，黄精，本草考证

• Keywords:Shanxi; P. sibiricum; Herbal textual research

• 摘要:通过挖掘历代古籍文献，对晋产黄精的基原、产地、栽培、食用、药用以及相关人物介绍进行了考证，为山西省黄精的相关研究提供依据。经过考证后发现，晋产黄精的基原主要是黄精Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute，俗称“鸡头黄精”。山西省内可考察的产地较为出名的有解州（山西省运城市盐湖区），除此外还有山西省大同市、朔州市等8个地市据记载有黄精的分布。黄精的栽培方式多采用根茎繁殖，食用可“救饥”，药用可补气，可直接蒸食入药，也有膏、丸、酒等剂型。由于黄精的基原与产地对于其品质影响较大，在对黄精进行开发利用时应明确产地与基原，使药材黄精的来源可追溯、质量可控制。研究结果可为山西省黄精的栽培区划和产业发展提供参考依据，有利于山西省的黄精生产企业及生产基地推进中药材黄精的规范化生产、加强中药材黄精的质量控制。                                                                                                                                                                                

• AbstractThe research mainly studied the origin, cultivation, edible, medicinal and relative celebrity of P. sibiricum which produced in Shanxi province through ancient books. In Shanxi, it is found that the main species of this medicine is P. sibiricum, commonly known as "ji tou huang jing". the most famous origin is Xiezhou(Yuncheng, Shanxi)and other 8 cities. The cultivation method is mainly propagated by roots and stems. It not only can be used for food to "relieve hunger", but also can be used for medicinal purposes. It can be directly steamed into medicine, and also has ointment, pill, wine and other dosage forms. Since the origin have great influence on its quality, it should be clarified when it’s about the utilization, so that the source can be traced and the quality can be controlled. The results can provide reference for the cultivation regionalization and industrial development, which is beneficial to promote the standardized production and enhance the quality control.

  黄精作为药食两用的中药，功效良多，应用广泛。根据2020版《中国药典》（后简称《药典》）收录，中药材黄精为百合科植物滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.、黄精Polygonatum sibiricum Red.或多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua的干燥根茎。这三种黄精按形状分别被称为“大黄精”、“鸡头黄精”和“姜黄精”，均属于百合科黄精属，该属植物分布较广，全国各地均有分布，三个基原产区各有不同，山西省是黄精P. sibiricum的产区之一，山西省近年来逐步加快了省内黄精栽培和产地加工的进程，但在市场中也逐渐出现了质量不一的问题，究其原因主要有：第一，黄精属植物分类众多，形态相似，种植者和消费者难以区分和鉴别，导致市场上售卖的“黄精”来源不一，有许多从基原上并不能药用。第二，同一种黄精中皂苷等活性成分因产地不同也会有较大的差异，因此在《药典》中有“味苦者不可药用”的提示。